May 2017
The  wp-config.php file is a very important file, possibly the most important file from your entire WordPress installation. If the wp-config.php file falls into the wrong hands, your website is lost. Therefore, make sure that you make backups of your website and that your WordPress security is in order!

Data

The wp-config.php file, which is in the root of your website, contains much important information about your website. Not only the name of your database, username, password, and server but also the salt keys are in the wp-config.php file. If you manually install WordPress, there is no wp-config.php file yet; There is only a wp-config-sample.php file. The intention is that you open the file, edit it and the name changes as soon as you finish. Then WordPress knows how to connect to your database and can start the installation.
Not only when installing WordPress, the wp-config file is important. WordPress makes continuous use of the data in the file to connect to your database. Do not delete the file!

functions.php or the theme functions file is a template used by WordPress themes. It acts like a plugin and gets automatically loaded in both admin and front-end pages of a WordPress site. Usually, this file is used to define functions, classes, actions, and filters to be used by other templates in the theme. It can be used to add features and extend the functionality of both the theme and the WordPress installation.
The functions.php file can be found in your theme’s folder. You can add both built-in WordPress functions and regular PHP functions to hooks and filters that are predefined throughout the WordPress core. Although every theme you have installed on your site has its own functions.php file, only the active theme’s file will run its code. If your theme doesn’t have a functions.php file you can simply create a plain-text file named functions.php and add it to your theme’s directory. Child themes can have their own functions.php files which can be used to either build on top of or entirely replace the one in the parent theme directory. Some of the things you can do with a functions.php file include use WordPress actions and filters, you can enable post thumbnails, post formats, and navigation menus.